Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is an electrochemical techniques to measure the impedance of a system in dependence of the AC potentials frequency.

This is done by applying a sine-wave potential (AC potential) to the working electrode and read out the current, which should also be a sine wave. With the two sine waves (potential and current) the total impedance and phase shift for the corresponding frequency is calculated.

Figure 6.1 schematic representation of the potential
excitation and current response in the measurement
setup (left); potential and current waves over time (right)

The data points are either displayed in a Bode plot or used to determine the real and imaginary part of the impedance and presented in a Nyquist plot.

Figure 6.8 EIS of a Randles circuit including
a Warburg element in a schematic Bode
and Nyquist plot

By using equivalent circuit fitting the contribution of different effects to the impedance can be calculated. This allows to study changes of the interface in a very sensitive way. EIS is popular for coating research, label-free sensor reseach, or battery studies.

Figure 6.14 Step by Step Fitting part 2

• Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

  Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is one of the most complex techniques in electrochemical research. In this section the basics of EIS are explained, i.e. the excitation and the signal as well as the recorded values. The visualization and analysis of the EIS data is explained in the following chapters. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) gained in …

• Bode and Nyquist Plot

  In this chapter the two main ways of visualizing Electrochemical Impedance Spectra (EIS), the Nyquist and Bode plot, are presented and it is explained how different EIS of easy electronic circuits will be plotted in the Bode and Nyquist plot. This demonstrates the advantages and disadvantages of the two plots as well as serving as …